A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to automatically

detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. Devices used are smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual call point. They can also be speaker strobes/ Hooter which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation message which warns people inside the building not to use the elevators. Voice alarms is the most reliable way to evacuate people from the premises without panic and are recommended for all multi storey buildings.

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A Fire Pump room/ house is enclosed with main power electrical

pump and supported with diesel driven engine for all the fire fighting system i.e Sprinkler system, Hydrant system, Drencher system, etc present in the building. Fire pumps are usually housed in a pump room very close to the fire tanks. The key thing is that the pumps should be located at a level just below the bottom of the fire tank, so that all the water in the tanks can flow into the pumps by gravity. Like all important systems, there must be backup pumps in case the main pump fails.

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Installed in ceilings or side walls, the system consists of a water supply,

a water distribution piping system and sprinkler heads. The sprinkler discharges water automatically when a fire is detected. It controls or extinguishes the fire, so is both a fire detection and suppression system. Fire sprinklers work because high heat triggers the sprinkler system. When a blaze ignites, the air directly above it heats rapidly. This hot air rises and spreads along the ceiling. When the air is hot enough and reaches a sprinkler head, it triggers a chain reaction.

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Drenchers are a system of water heads that are used for the fire protection.

In contrast to sprinklers which are found internally, drenchers are normally found on the exterior of a building to protect against a fire from a neighbouring building. They tend to be positioned on roofs and over windows and external openings. A Drencher system is one that is designed to work on the outside of a building rather than the inside. It is used most commonly in situations where one building is closely adjacent to the protected building and the transfer of fire from one to the other is a possibility.

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Fire Fighting Hydrant System is circulated around a building or factory.

Such is the power of the Fire Hydrant System that water can be shot right up to 8 floor, directly into the fire. A fire hydrant is an active fire protection measure, and a source of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire. It works effectively in improving the fire fighting capacity of a place where it is installed.

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It is high-pressure fire suppression system that releases a CO2 discharge that

penetrates all areas within a protected enclosure in seconds. This lowers the level of oxygen which prevents a fire from growing. A fixed installation designed to displace the oxygen in the protected space and thus extinguish the fire, usually used to fight fires in engine rooms, boiler rooms, pump rooms and holds. The system normally consists of a series of large CO2 cylinders. The CO2 is supplied from the cylinder manifold to suitable points with diffusing nozzles.

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Gas suppression systems detects the early presence of fire

itsefl and extinguish fires by removing the oxygen content to below 15% where most materials do not burn. A gas suspension system is a water-free fire suppressant that releases a mixture of gases to prevent or extinguish the fire. It works on the principle of eliminating the agents which contribute to the ignition and sustaining of fire. The elements of the fire triangle are oxygen, fuel, and heat, eliminating any one of them will extinguish the fire.

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High velocity water spray systems are installed to extinguish fires involving

liquids with flash points 650C (150F) or higher. The system comprises of network of underground and above ground piping, control valve (Deluge Valve), sprinkler bulb detectors, water spray nozzles/ Projectors. System is pressurized with water up to below the control valve (deluge valve) using pumps and connected to a reliable source of water supply. The piping network above the control valve remains empty consisting open spray nozzles/projector

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An MVWS system (Medium Velocity Water Spray System) is a

water-based fire protection system, used to provide cooling and/or control the burning in many large scale industrial applications. As their name suggests, medium velocity water spray nozzles are designed to spray water at a medium velocity (i.e. the strength of the spray is weaker than HVWS systems). MVWS systems are best suited for protecting hazards involving light oils – where emulsification from high-velocity water sprayers (HVWS) is not possible.

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There are limitations on the amount of water that can be discharged

from handheld branches, (typically 1000 lpm), as higher flows have very high back thrust, which makes it impossible for firefighters to handle them safely. Due to this, handline nozzles/ branches have limited range, and hence limited effectiveness. To fight bigger fires, which give out large amount of radiation, it is necessary to throw water/ foam in sufficient quantity from a safe distance

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A fire door is a door with a fire-resistance rating used as part of a

passive fire protection system to reduce the spread of fire and smoke between separate compartments of a structure and to enable safe egress from a building or structure.They are typically comprised of a solid timber main door, along with numerous other components (e.g., the door hinges) that are purpose-built for use with fire doors. Fire doors are primarily used to prevent fires from spreading, to act as a heat shield, and to protect emergency exits and shelters.

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A fire retardant is a substance that is used to slow down or stop the spread

of fire or reduce its intensity. This is commonly accomplished by chemical reactions. Fire retardants may also cool the fuel through physical action or endothermic chemical reactions. Fire retardants are available as powder, to be mixed with water, as fire-fighting foams and fire-retardant gels. Fire retardants are also available as coatings or sprays to be applied to an object.Upon contact with fire retardant paint, the heat emitted from the flames causes the paint to release a fire dampening gas, which in turn prevents the fire from fully developing.

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The six main fire extinguisher types are water, foam, CO2, powder, water mist and

wet chemical.Each of the different types of fire extinguisher is suitable for different fire classes. It is important that you purchase the right fire extinguisher for your needs:
Water - Class A fires .
AFFF foam - Class A & B.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Class B and electrical equipment
ABC powder - Class A, B, C & electrical equipment
De-Ionised Water mist - Class A, B, C & electrical equipment
Wet chemical - Class F fires, sometimes class A

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We may not pay attention to them on a typical day, in a

real emergency they can be the difference between life and death. That’s exactly why they are a crucial element of any businesses’ fire safety strategy. Fire safety signage is essential to assist people escape from an emergency incident, with re-assurance throughout the route with continued directional signs. These signs are particularly important to guide people unfamiliar with the environment, although in the event of an emergency, those who are normally familiar with the environment may become disorientated and confused.

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Fire fighting equipment is equipment designed to extinguish fires or protect

the user from fire. It may be used by trained fire fighters, untrained users at the scene of a fire, or built into a building's infrastructure (such as a sprinkler system). Fire fighting equipment includes not only fire hoses and fire extinguishers but also fire-resistant protective clothing, fire-resistant gloves, respirators, and communication equipment.
Fire safety equipment for the home is important for ensuring your home and family are always safe and well protected. Your house should be well-stocked with fire equipment.

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